Monday 31 March 2008

THE NINTH GATE

The Ninth Gate is a 1999 film based on the novel The Club Dumas by Arturo Pérez-Reverte. Spanning several genres, The Ninth Gate is a mix of mystery, horror thriller, and neo-noir, and additionally portrays facets of the rare book business. The film was co-written and directed by Roman Polanski, and stars Johnny Depp as Dean Corso, a rare-book dealer hired by a book collector (Frank Langella) to validate a copy of The Nine Gates of the Kingdom of Shadows, a book by 17th century author Aristide Torchia.

The film premiered in Spain on August 25, 1999 and was a critical and commercial failure in North America as most critics felt that it fell short of Polanski's best known supernatural thriller, Rosemary's Baby. The Ninth Gate managed to turn a profit with a worldwide box office gross of $58,401,898, well above its $38 million budget.[1] It has since enjoyed a small cult following.


Plot outline

Dean Corso (Johnny Depp) is a rare-book dealer whose only motivation is financial gain. Wealthy book collector Boris Balkan (Frank Langella) hires Corso to validate The Nine Gates of the Kingdom of Shadows, a book by 17th century author Aristide Torchia, one of only three surviving copies, now in Balkan's possession. The book contains nine engravings which, when correctly deciphered and the interpretations properly spoken, are alleged to summon the Devil. Balkan suspects the book may be a forgery, and hires Corso to travel to Europe, assess the other two known copies, discover whether any are genuine, and if so, acquire them for Balkan at any cost.

Balkan's copy of The Nine Gates had previously belonged to Andrew Telfer, who committed suicide shortly after selling the book to Balkan. Telfer's widow Liana (Lena Olin) wants the book back, as Telfer originally bought the book for her. Liana seduces Corso in a failed attempt to reacquire her book. Corso's business partner and book store owner Bernie (James Russo), whom Corso had asked to hide the book, is murdered in the style of one of the engravings in The Nine Gates. Like The Hanged Man, Bernie is found hanging by one foot upside down.

Corso travels to Toledo, in Spain, and talks to the Ceniza brothers (Jose Lopez Rodero), twin book restorers who show him that some of the book's engravings are signed "LCF." Prompting Corso to guess who the initials refer to, the Cenizas agree when he responds with "Lucifer." Corso next goes by train to Sintra, in Portugal, and visits Victor Fargas (Jack Taylor), whose copy Corso compares with Balkan's, noting several variations in the engravings. The next morning, Corso is awakened by a mysterious young woman (Emmanuelle Seigner) with whom he has been crossing paths; she then leads Corso back to Fargas' home to find him murdered and the engravings ripped out of his copy of The Nine Gates. Later, the unnamed woman displays supernatural ability when she rescues Corso from an attack by Telfer's bodyguard (Tony Amoni).

In Paris, Corso tracks down the third surviving copy owned by Baroness Kessler (Barbara Jefford). He records additional differences in her copy before she is killed and pages from her book are removed. Corso, now believing each copy of The Nine Gates to be genuine, suspects that the secret to opening the nine gates can be found in a combination of all three copies. Telfer steals Balkan's copy at gunpoint from Corso, who (on overpowering & bludgeoning her bodyguard) follows her to a mansion to witness her using it to lead a Satanist ceremony. Balkan suddenly interrupts the ceremony, kills Telfer, takes the torn out engravings and his own intact copy, and drives away believing that Corso is correct and all three copies are genuine.

Realizing that Balkan is responsible for the deaths of Victor Fargas and Baroness Kessler, Corso locates Balkan and witnesses him preparing to open the gates himself. However, because one of the engravings he uses is a forgery, Balkan's invocation fails and he dies consumed by flames (before Corso finishes him off by a bullet in his skull using Telfer's own gun). The mysterious girl has sex with Corso and directs him back to the Ceniza brothers' shop. There he discovers the final authentic engraving, which includes a likeness of the mystery girl herself, thereby allowing Corso to identify the correct location and travel through the ninth portal, to an unestablished fate, at the film's conclusion.


Cast and characters

Frank Langella as Boris Balkan and Johnny Depp as Dean Corso.
Johnny Depp as Dean Corso
Frank Langella as Boris Balkan
Lena Olin as Liana Telfer
Emmanuelle Seigner as The Girl
Barbara Jefford as Baroness Kessler
Jack Taylor as Victor Fargas
Jose Lopez Rodero as Pablo & Pedro Ceniza and 1st & 2nd workmen
Tony Amoni as Liana's bodyguard
James Russo as Bernie

Initially, Polanski did not think that Depp was right for the role of Corso because the character was 40-years-old. The director was thinking of casting an older actor but Depp was persistent and wanted to work with him.[citation needed] Hints of friction between Depp and Polanski while working on the film surfaced in the press around the time of its North American release. The actor said, "It's the director's job to push, to provoke things out of an actor."[2] Polanski told one interviewer, "He [Depp] decided to play it rather flat which wasn't how I envisioned it. And I didn't tell him it wasn't how I saw it."[2]

The actual name of The Girl is never revealed (when asked her name, she replies "Guess"). While there is speculation that she is the Devil, at the movie's end she is pictured on the missing page from the book riding a Beast, implying she is the Whore of Babylon.


Production
Roman Polanski received the screenplay by Enrique Urbizu that adapted the book, El Club Dumas by Arturo Pérez-Reverte. The filmmaker was so taken by Urbizu's script that he read the novel. He liked the novel because, "I saw so many elements that seemed good for a movie. It was suspenseful, funny, and there were a great number of secondary characters that are tremendously cinematic."[3] Pérez-Reverte's book featured several intertwined plots and so Polanski decided to write his own draft with long-time screenwriting partner, John Brownjohn (they had collaborated previously on Tess, Pirates and Bitter Moon). The source novel contains numerous literary references and a subplot concerning Corso’s investigation into the original manuscript for a chapter of The Three Musketeers. Polanski and Brownjohn jettisoned these elements and focused on one particular plot line: Corso’s pursuit of the authentic copy of The Nine Gates.

Polanski approached the subject matter with a certain amount of skepticism as he said in an interview, "I don't believe in the occult. I don't believe. Period."[4] He wanted to have fun with the genre. "There is a great number of cliches of this type in The Ninth Gate which I tried to turn around a bit. You can make them appear serious on the surface, but you cannot help but laugh at them."[4] For Polanski, the appeal of the film was that it featured "a mystery in which a book is the leading character" and its illustrations "are also essential clues."[5]

While reading the book, Polanski thought of Johnny Depp as Corso. The actor became attached to the project as early as 1997 when he met Polanski at the Cannes Film Festival promoting his directorial debut The Brave that was in competition.[6] Initially, the veteran filmmaker did not think that Depp was right for the role of Corso because the character was 40-years-old. Polanski was thinking of casting an older actor but Depp was persistent and wanted to work with him. Corso's disheveled look was modelled after Raymond Chandler's famous sleuth, Philip Marlowe according to the director.[4]

Polanski cast Frank Langella as Balkan after seeing him in Adrian Lyne’s version of Lolita. Barbara Jefford was a last minute casting decision because the German actress originally cast was struck with pneumonia and another actress couldn't learn the lines. Jefford came in with only a few days notice, learned her lines, and affected a German accent.[3]

Filming took place in France, Portugal and Spain during the summer of 1998.

Reaction

The Ninth Gate premiered in Spain on August 25, 1999. On its opening weekend in North America, the film debuted in 1,586 theaters and grossed $6,622,518. While eventually only making $18,661,336 in North America, it went on to make $58,401,898 worldwide, well above its budget of $38 million.[1]

Most critics felt that the film fell short of Polanski's best known supernatural thriller, Rosemary's Baby. The Ninth Gate holds a 39-percent rotten rating at Rotten Tomatoes (and a 26% among the "Cream of the Crop" critics). In Roger Ebert's review for the Chicago Sun-Times, he felt that the film's ending was lackluster, "while at the end I didn't yearn for spectacular special effects, I did wish for spectacular information–something awesome, not just a fade to white."[8] Elvis Mitchell in The New York Times criticized the film for being "about as scary as a sock-puppet re-enactment of The Blair Witch Project, and not nearly as funny."[9] However, Philip Strick's review in Sight and Sound magazine was more sympathetic, recognizing that it was "not particularly liked at first outing – partly because Johnny Depp, in fake grey temples, personifies the odious Corso of the book a little too accurately – the film is intricately well-made, deserves a second chance despite its disintegrations, and in time will undoubtedly acquire its own coven of heretical fans."[10]

After the film's release, Artisan Entertainment sued Polanski for allegedly taking more than $1 million from the budget, pocketing refunds of France's value-added tax instead of turning them over to Artisan's completion bond company.[11]

References

1^ a b "The Ninth Gate", Box Office Mojo, May 18, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-05-18.
2^ a b Schaefer, Stephen. "The Devil and Roman Polanski", Boston Herald, March 10, 2000.
3^ a b Hartl, John. "The Ninth Gate Marks Return for Polanski", Seattle Times, March 5, 2000.
4^ a b c Howell, Peter. "Polanski's Demons", Toronto Star, March 3, 2000.
5^ Arnold, Gary. "Polanski's Dark Side", Washington Times, March 11, 2000.
6^ Archerd, Army. "Polanski opens Gate", Variety, February 10, 1998.
7^ Phares, Heather. "The Ninth Gate", allmusic.com. Retrieved on 2007-05-18.
8^ Ebert, Roger. "The Ninth Gate", Chicago Sun-Times, March 10, 2000. Retrieved on 2007-05-18.
9^ Mitchell, Elvis. "Off to Hell in a Handbasket, Trusty Book in Hand", New York Times, March 10, 2000. Retrieved on 2007-11-09.
10^ Strick, Philip. "The Ninth Gate", Sight and Sound, September 2000. Retrieved on 2007-05-18.
11^ Shprintz, Janet. "Artisan Sues Polanski, Alleges He Took Money", Variety, July 18, 2000. Retrieved on 2007-05-22.


External links

THE CLUB DUMAS

The Club Dumas is a 1993 novel by Arturo Pérez-Reverte. The book is set in a world of antiquarian booksellers echoing his previous work, The Flanders Panel.

The story follows the events of a book dealer, Lucas Corso, who is hired to authenticate a rare manuscript by Alexandre Dumas, père. Corso's investigation leads him to seek out two copies of a rare book known as De Umbrarum Regni Novem Portis (The Book of the Nine Doors of the Kingdom of Shadows). Along the way, Corso encounters a host of intriguing characters on his journey of investigation, including devil worshippers, obsessed bibliophiles and a hypnotically enticing femme fatale. Corso's travels take him to Madrid (Spain), Sintra (Portugal), Paris (France) and Toledo (Spain).

The book is full of details that range from the working habits of Alexandre Dumas to how one might go about forging a 17th-century text, as well as insight into demonology, and the nature of social constructionism.

Roman Polanski's film The Ninth Gate was adapted from Pérez-Reverte's novel, simplifying some aspects of the plot and removing the Dumas connection entirely.


Plot summary

A man commits suicide in a mysterious opening, which is presented without any context. This man is later revealed to be Enrique Taillefer, a publisher of cookbooks and a Dumas enthusiast.

The reader is introduced to Lucas Corso, a mercenary book-dealer who specializes in acquiring rare and valuable editions for anonymous buyers and other book dealers. Corso is a master at manipulation, and the narrator describes his every mannerism. Corso visits the narrator, Boris Balkan, to get his opinion on the authenticity of a manuscript he has acquired, apparently a chapter of The Three Musketeers called The Anjou Wine.

Corso then meets with the owner of the manuscript, his occasional friend and fellow bibliophile, Flavio La Ponte. La Ponte was given the manuscript by its previous owner, Enrique Taillefer, immediately previous to his suicide. Corso and La Ponte drink in their favorite bar, and mention eccentric book-collector Varo Borja.

In Madrid, Corso visits the beautiful widow of Taillefer, Liana Taillefer, who is intelligent and manipulative. She seems curious about The Anjou Wine and skeptical that Corso's possession of the manuscript is legitimate. Liana shows Corso her late husband's books and the novel he was working on, a trite and poorly-written adventure called The Dead Man's Hand. Before leaving, Corso speculates privately that she was having an affair prior to her husband's death. On his way out, Corso sees a sinister man with a scar driving a Jaguar.

Corso spends a night alone, fantasizing about his ancestor, who fought on the losing side of the Battle of Waterloo. He reminisces about an ex-lover, Nikon, who left him long ago.

Corso goes to Toledo to visit the very successful Varo Borja, who shows him a very rare book called The Book of the Nine Doors: one of three in existence, it is a book which contains clues and a formula for summoning the devil. The author, Aristide Torchia, printed it in 1666 and was subsequently burned at the stake, along with all the copies of the book, by the Inquisition.

Although Borja's book is one of only three remaining copies in existence, Borja nevertheless believes there is only one real copy,with his copy being a very exact forgery. After showing him his vast collection of occult books, Borja then gives Corso an odd but very lucrative assignment: find the other two copies of The Book of the Nine Doors, and compare them. All Corso's expenses will be paid, and Corso is to acquire the copy he determines to be the original — no matter what the cost, and by any means necessary.

Corso does a bit of research, and the reader is treated to a history of Dumas' private life, as well as the sinister character Rochefort from The Three Musketeers, whom Corso compares to the man with the scar. Corso visits Balkan again, this time in a cafe where Balkan is giving a lecture, and they discuss the villains in The Three Musketeers, including Rochefort, Milady, and Richelieu. Corso meets La Ponte again, and in a bit of self-reference, they playfully pretend they are characters in a mystery novel.

Lucas Corso visits the "Ceniza brothers," experts in book restoration and probable world-class book forgers, and they discuss methods of book forgery. Liana Taillefer visits Corso in his hotel room and attempts to seduce him in return for "The Anjou Wine;" however, he sleeps with her and sends her on her way without giving her the manuscript, earning him an enemy for the rest of the story.

Corso takes a train to Lisbon and meets a young woman in her twenties with striking green eyes, who was also at the café listening to Balkan's lecture. A backpacker, she mysteriously identifies herself as "Irene Adler," the name of an antagonist in the Sherlock Holmes stories. They part in Lisbon as Corso visits the owner of a second copy of The Book of Nine Doors, Victor Fargas. Fargas is an aged and obsessive book collector who is the last of a prominent Sintra family. Now he lives alone in an empty mansion with no furniture, selling what is left of his famous library of rare antique books to pay for food and property taxes.

Corso compares the two copies of The Book of Nine Doors and notices slight differences in a few of the illustrations. (Pérez-Reverte includes one set of all nine illustrations in the book.) While most plates are signed by the Torchia, on some of the variants the signature of the picture's author is a second name, "L.F." On his way back to the village from Fargas' place, the man with the scar, whom Corso now refers to simply as "Rochefort," makes an appearance. After a brief appearance of "the girl" (formerly known as Irene Adler), Corso meets a corrupt policeman he knows named Amilcar Pinto to arrange a burglary of Fargas' home in order to acquire the book. That night the girl calls Corso in his hotel with news that Fargas is dead. They visit Fargas' home, find The Book of Nine Doors has been burnt in the fireplace, and also find a drowned Fargas in his own fountain. Corso and the girl then leave for Paris, the location of the third copy of the book.

In Paris Corso meets with Achille Replinger, an antique book seller, who verifies the "The Anjou Wine" manuscript to be genuine and discourses on the history of Dumas' writing habits. The girl and Corso talk, and the girl brings up the devil as Corso thinks about Nikon. As they walk they see La Ponte with Liana Taillefer. Corso returns to his hotel and meets with a concierge he knows, Gruber, asking him to find the hotel where Liana is staying. That night the girl visits Corso in his room and they talk about Lucifer and the war of heaven — at one point she implies she is actually a witness to the events of the fall, potentially a fallen angel herself.

The next day Corso visits Baroness Freida Ungern, a widow who controls the Ungern Foundation, which in turn owns the largest library on the occult in Europe, including the last copy of The Book of Nine Doors. Baroness Ungern and Corso share a flirtation as they discuss the books on the occult she has written as well as the personal history of Torchia. The girl calls Corso while he is in the library and alerts him to the presence of Rochefort outside. Baroness Ungern translates the captions of all the illustrations in The Book of Nine Doors for Corso and the reader, and Corso notes the differences in this third set of plates. Later Corso drinks in a restaurant and analyses the difference in the three sets of illustrations, discovering only the mismatched plates are the ones signed "L.F." On the way back to his hotel he is assaulted by Rochefort, who is successfully repelled by the girl. Corso takes the girl back to the hotel and they spend the night together.

By morning Gruber has located Liana Taillefer and his friend La Ponte, and Corso goes to their hotel and assaults La Ponte just before Rochefort shows up and knocks Corso unconscious. Corso awakes to find Borja's copy of the book missing along with The Anjou Wine, and La Ponte realizing he has been used by Liana Taillefer for that manuscript. Soon afterwards, they find Baroness Ungern has been killed in a fire at her library.

By assuming Liana is playing out her part as Milady and Rochefort as her henchman, Corso deduces Liana has escaped to Meung, the setting for The Three Musketeers. Corso, La Ponte, and the girl confront Liana, who confirms she is indeed emulating Milady, immediately before Rochefort shows up and holds them at gunpoint. The thus-far unseen Richelieu-equivalent summons Rochefort via phone, and Corso is taken to the castle where The Three Musketeers was set.

Richelieu's identity is revealed, and he describes the motives of Liana, Rochefort, and Liana's late husband Enrique. He then introduces Corso to The Club Dumas of the title, a literary social group for very wealthy Dumas enthusiasts, who are all at the castle for an annual banquet. However, much to Corso's chagrin, Richelieu seems confused when confronted with the plot surrounding The Book of Nine Doors- the two plots are actually completely unrelated. Although invited to stay, Corso leaves the party confused.

Corso, the girl, and La Ponte drive back to Spain, where Corso knows he must confront Borja. On a hilltop overlooking Borja's mansion, the girl reveals to Corso her true identity, as a fallen angel who rebelled against God and has wandered the Earth ever since. Corso accepts this and his growing attachment to her.

Corso arrives at Borja's home, realizing that his employer is the perpetrator behind the murders and arsons. Borja has apparently gone completely insane, having dismantled a great deal of his occult book collection in the name of "research" in an effort to summon the devil and "gain knowledge." Borja explains his methodology and the symbolism in the ritual before he executes it. The ritual goes awry, as one of the prints needed to properly complete it is a forgery of the Ceniza Brothers. Borja meets an intensely painful demise, instead of Satan himself.

After his showdown with Borja, Corso returns to the girl and it is implied they continue their relationship.

Literary references

The Club Dumas is a bibliophile's fantasy. Almost every page includes a literary reference, or a description of a rare edition of a famous work. Lucas Corso also comes across a number of books on the occult, most of which are inventions by Pérez-Reverte. The fictional works, The Nine Doors of the Kingdom of Shadows and Delomalanicon have histories intertwined with many real authors and other historical figures.


Real books

The works Alexandre Dumas, père, from whom the book derives its title, influence nearly every element of the plot. The books mentioned are:
The Three Musketeers. Edition by Miguel Guijarro in four volumes, with engravings by Ortega.[1]
The Countess de Charny. Edition by Vicente Blasco Ibanez, in eight volumes, part of the "Illustrated Novel" collection.[1]
The Two Dianas. Edition in three volumes.[1]
The Count of Monte Cristo. Edition by Juan Ros in four volumes, with engravings by A. Gil.
The Forty-Five.[1]
The Queen's Necklace.[1]
The Companions of Jehu.[1]
From Madrid to Cadiz.
Queen Margot.
Le Chevalier de Maison-Rouge. Apparently originally titled The Knight of Rougeville.
Also mentioned are works by Dumas' ghostwriter Auguste Maquet, especially Le Bonhomme Buvat or the Conspiracy of Cellamare, and Le Siècle, the magazine in which The Three Musketeers originally appeared between March and July 1844.
Other works mentioned are:
Richard Adams, Watership Down.[2]
Georg Agricola, De re metallica Latin edition by Froben and Episcopius, Basle, 1556.[3]
Dante Alighieri, The Divine Comedy.
the works of John James Audubon. A hypothetical find that would make Corso and La Ponte very wealthy.
the works of Azorín.
Berengario de Carpi, Tractatus.
Luís de Camões, Os Lusíadas. First edition in four volumes, Ibarra 1789.[3]
Jacques Cazotte, The Devil in Love.
Miguel de Cervantes, Los trabajos de Persiles y Sigismunda, an edition "signed by Trautz-Bauzonnet" or "Hardy".
Francisco Cardinal Jiménez de Cisneros, Complutensian Polyglot Bible. Six volume edition.[3]
Simone de Colines, Praxis criminis persequendi, 1541.[3]
Jacques Collin de Plancy, Dictionnaire Infernal, 1842.[3]
Arthur Conan Doyle, Sherlock Holmes stories including A Study in Scarlet and A Scandal in Bohemia.
Nicolaus Copernicus, De revolutionis celestium. Second edition, Basle 1566.[3]
Corpus Hermeticum. Cited as mentioning the Delomelanicon.
Gatien de Courtilz de Sandras, Mémoires de M. d'Artagnan.
Martin Delrio, Disquisitionum Magicarum, 1599/1600. A three-volume work on demonic magic.[4]
Charles Dickens, The Pickwick Papers. Spanish edition translated by Benito Perez Galdos.[1]
Fyodor Dostoevsky, The Brothers Karamazov.
Albrecht Dürer, De Symmetria, Paris/Nuremberg 1557, in Latin.[3]
any version of Faust
Francesco Maria Guazzo, Compendium Maleficarum.[4]
Patricia Highsmith, Carol.[2]
Victor Hugo, The Hunchback of Notre Dame.[1]
Pope Innocent VIII, Summis desiderantes affectibus.
Athanasius Kircher, Oedipus Aegyptiacus. Rome, 1652.[3]
Heinrich Kramer, Malleus Maleficarum. 1519 Lyon edition.[4]
Pierre de La Porte, Memoirs. Written by "a man in the confidence of Anne of Austria".
Herman Melville, Moby-Dick. The book forms the initial basis of the friendship between Lucas Corso and Flavio La Ponte.
Prosper Mérimée, Corsican Revenge.[1]
John Milton, Paradise Lost.
Margaret Mitchell, Gone with the Wind.
Marco Polo, The Book of Wonders.
Pierre Alexis Ponson du Terrail, Rocambole. In forty volumes.
Nicholas Remy, Daemonolatreiae libri tres.[4]
Lucas de Rene, The Knight with the Yellow Doublet[5]
Roederer, Political and Romantic Intrigue from the Court of France.
Fernando de Rojas, La Celestina.
Rafael Sabatini, Captain Blood.
Rafael Sabatini, Scaramouche.
Hartmann Schedel, Nuremberg Chronicle.[3]
Ludovico Sinistrari, De Daemonialitate et Incubis et Succubis. 1680 manuscript, London 1875 printed edition.[4]
Stendhal, The Charterhouse of Parma. Supposedly translated by the narrator.
Eugène Sue, The Mysteries of Paris.[1]
Leo Tolstoy, War and Peace.[2]
Jacobus de Voragine, Golden Legend Edition by Nicolas Kesler, Basle 1493.[3]
Vulgata Clementina.[3]
Michel Zevaco, The Pardellanes.[1]

Fictional books

Occultist works published by Aristide Torchia in Venice:
The Nine Doors to the Kingdom of Shadows. Venice, 1666. The book Corso is looking for, which contains reprints of illustrations from the Delomelanicon.
Key to Captive Thoughts, 1653.
A Curious Explanation of Mysteries and Hieroglyphs.
The Three Books of the Art, 1658.
Nicholas Tamisso, The Secrets of Wisdom, 1650.
Bernard Trevisan, The Lost Word, 1661. A fictional edition of an actual 14th century alchemy treatise.
Other occultist writings:
Asclemandres. A book mentioning the existence of the Delomalanicon
Delomelanicon, or Invocation of Darkness. A long-destroyed book containing a formula for summoning the devil, written by Lucifer himself.
De origine, moribus et rebus gestis Satanae.[3]
Disertazioni sopra le apprarizioni de' spiriti e diavoli.[3]
Leonardo Fioravanti, Compendi dei secreti, 1571.[3]
Restructor omnium rerum.[3]
Non-fiction books written by Baroness Ungern:
Isis, the Naked Virgin.
The Devil, History and Legend.
Other fictional works mentioned are:
Books by Boris Balkan:
Lupin.
Raffles.
Rocambole.
Holmes.
Dumas: the Shadow of a Giant.
Mateu, Universal Bibliography. A 1929 rare books guide used by Corso and his rivals.
Julio Ollero, Dictionary of Rare and Improbable Books.
Books by Enrique Taillefer:
The Thousand Best Desserts of La Mancha. A cooking book.
The Secrets of Barbecue. A cooking book.
The Dead Man's Hand, or Anne of Austria's Page.. Taillefer's unpublished novel, cribbed largely from Angeline de Gravaillac.
Amaury de Verona, Angeline de Gravaillac, or Unsullied Virtue, published in the 19th century in The Popular Illustrated Novel.
Books by an unnamed Nobel prize winning auhtor:
I, Onan
In Search of Myself
Oui, C'est Moi.


Notes

1 a b c d e f g h i j k Appearing in the the library of the recently deceased Enrique Taillefery
2 a b c Recommended by Corso to barkeep Makarova
3 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Appearing in Victor Fargas' collection.
4 a b c d e Appearing at the Ungern Foundation library
5 Appearing in Boris Balkan's library.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Club_Dumas"

LUIS ROYO - GREAT ILUSTRATIONS






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